Tranexamic acid dosing strategies in arthroplasty can include which of the following?

• A. Single IV dose
• B. All of the above
• C. Multiple IV doses
• D. Topical application

Answer: (B)

Tranexamic acid reduces perioperative bleeding by blocking the breakdown of clots, so its dosing in arthroplasty can be tailored in several effective ways to cover the period of highest fibrinolysis.

A single IV dose is a common, simple approach that provides antifibrinolytic protection through the operation and early recovery, helping to cut blood loss and transfusion needs. Some regimens use multiple IV doses, either as an additional intraoperative dose or a postoperative/maintenance dose, to extend protection in longer surgeries or in patients at higher risk of bleeding. Topical application delivers high local concentrations directly to the surgical site, reducing bleeding from exposed bone and soft tissues while often minimizing systemic exposure. In practice, many teams combine IV and topical strategies to maximize hemostasis.

Because of these options, all of the above dosing strategies are used in arthroplasty, making that choice the best answer.